Patient SafetyIndia-specificIndiGen · PharmGKB · CPIC Level A/B

India PGx Drug Safety Alerts

Pharmacogenomic variants enriched in Indian populations that require dose adjustment or drug substitution. Based on IndiGen allele frequencies cross-referenced with CPIC Level A/B clinical guidelines.

7
HIGH/MODERATE alerts active
23%
CYP2C19*2 in S.Asia vs 15% global
38%
CYP2D6*10 in South Asians

International drug dosing guidelines are calibrated on European genetic data. South Asian populations carry loss-of-function alleles at markedly different frequencies — CYP2C19*2 (clopidogrel reduced efficacy) is 23% vs 15% globally; G6PD deficiency is 5–15% in malaria-endemic Indian states vs 4% globally. Without population-specific pharmacogenomic context, standard dosing causes measurable harm to 1.4 billion people.

ClopidogrelCYP2C19*2HIGH
Indian allele freq.
23%(global: 15%)

Reduced conversion to active metabolite — up to 40% lower antiplatelet effect

Consider Prasugrel or Ticagrelor for Indian patients with ACS

WarfarinCYP2C9*3HIGH
Indian allele freq.
8%(global: 6%)

Severely impaired metabolism — 3× higher bleeding risk at standard doses

Start at 50% standard dose; use VKORC1 + CYP2C9 genotype-guided dosing

PrimaquineG6PDMediterraneanHIGH
Indian allele freq.
9%(global: 4%)

Haemolytic anaemia — life-threatening in G6PD-deficient patients

Screen for G6PD deficiency before prescribing. Critical in malaria-endemic states.

Azathioprine / 6-MPTPMT*3CHIGH
Indian allele freq.
4%(global: 3%)

Myelosuppression — 3× higher risk of severe toxicity

Test TPMT before starting; reduce dose by 50–90% for intermediate metabolisers

Codeine / TramadolCYP2D6*10MODERATE
Indian allele freq.
38%(global: 20%)

Reduced opioid activation — inadequate analgesia in 38% of South Asians

Consider alternatives (morphine, oxycodone) or increase dose with monitoring

SimvastatinSLCO1B1*5MODERATE
Indian allele freq.
12%(global: 15%)

Impaired hepatic uptake — 4× higher myopathy risk at 80mg dose

Limit to 20-40mg or switch to Rosuvastatin/Pravastatin

IrinotecanUGT1A1*28MODERATE
Indian allele freq.
15%(global: 31%)

Reduced glucuronidation — higher SN-38 exposure, neutropenia risk

Consider dose reduction for UGT1A1*28 homozygotes before chemotherapy

IndiGen (IGIB, 2020)
1,029 Indian genomes — population allele frequencies
PharmGKB
Curated drug-gene clinical annotations
CPIC Guidelines
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Level A/B
GenomeIndia (DBT)
10,000-genome Indian population study
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